000 AXNT20 KNHC 040531 TWDAT Tropical Weather Discussion NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL 0605 UTC Mon Oct 04 2021 Tropical Weather Discussion for North America, Central America Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, northern sections of South America, and Atlantic Ocean to the African coast from the Equator to 31N. The following information is based on satellite imagery, weather observations, radar and meteorological analysis. Based on 0000 UTC surface analysis and satellite imagery through 0450 UTC. ...SPECIAL FEATURES... The center of Hurricane SAM, at 04/0300 UTC, is near 39.3N 51.2W. Sam is moving toward the NE, or 050 degrees, 17 knots. The estimated minimum central pressure is 957 mb. The maximum sustained wind speeds are 90 knots with gusts to 110 knots. Expect the maximum sea heights to reach 40 feet. Precipitation: scattered moderate to widely scattered strong is from 38N to 41N between 49W and 54W. Isolated moderate to locally strong is elsewhere from 24N northward between 47W and 61W. Please, read the latest High Seas Forecast issued by the Ocean Prediction Center, at the website https://ocean.weather.gov/mobile/mobile_product.php?id=NFDHSFAT1, and the latest NHC Forecast/Advisory and Public Advisory, at www.hurricanes.gov, for more details. The center of Tropical Depression VICTOR, at 04/0300 UTC, is near 17.8N 43.0W. Victor is moving toward the northwest, or 305 degrees, 13 knots. The estimated minimum central pressure is 1007 mb. The maximum sustained wind speeds are 30 knots with gusts to 40 knots. Expect sea heights 12 feet or greater within 210 nm of the center in the NE quadrant, within 60 nm of the center in the SE quadrant...maximum sea heights to 15 feet. Precipitation: scattered to numerous strong is from 90 nm to 200 nm of the center in the N quadrant. Isolated moderate to locally strong is elsewhere within 900 nm of the center in the NE quadrant. Please, read the latest High Seas Forecast issued by the National Hurricane Center at the website, https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/MIAHSFAT2.shtml, and the latest NHC Forecast/Advisory and Public Advisory, at www.hurricanes.gov, for more details. The OUTLOOK period, for the 24 hours after the initial forecast period, for the METEO-FRANCE high seas forecast, consists of: the threat of Northeast near gale or gale in the area AGADIR. Please, refer to the following website, http://weather.gmdss.org/bulletins/METAREA2.HIGH_SEAS_FORECAST.07 51.030751569878.html, for details. ...TROPICAL WAVES... An Atlantic Ocean tropical wave is along 27W, from 20N southward, moving W 10 to 15 knots. Precipitation: all the nearby precipitation is to the north and south of the monsoon trough. Widely scattered moderate to isolated strong is within 300 nm on either side of the monsoon trough/ITCZ between 20W and 40W. A Caribbean Sea tropical wave is along 71W/72W,from 20N southward, moving W 10 to 15 knots. An upper level trough is in the Atlantic Ocean, along 76W/77W, from 31N, across the Bahamas, across the eastern half of Cuba, to the western sections of Jamaica, to the east central coastal sections of Nicaragua. Precipitation: widely scattered to scattered moderate, and isolated to widely scattered strong is between 68W and the line that extends from SE Cuba to the NE coast of Honduras. Other isolated moderate to locally strong is elsewhere, to the west and northwest of the line from Cuba to Honduras. ...MONSOON TROUGH/ITCZ... The monsoon trough passes through the coastal plains of Guinea-Bissau near 11N15W, to 09N20W, to 07N30W and 05N33W. The ITCZ continues from 05N33W, to 05N35W 06N39W 06N50W and 07N56W. Precipitation: widely scattered moderate to isolated strong is within 300 nm on either side of the monsoon trough/ITCZ between 20W and 40W. Isolated moderate is elsewhere to the south of the monsoon trough, and within 300 nm to the north of the ITCZ from 40W westward. Scattered moderate to widely scattered strong is from 10N to 11N between 60W and 62W, surrounding the northern half of Trinidad and nearby waters. GULF OF MEXICO... A stationary front is inland, passing through east Texas, to south central Texas, to the Texas Big Bend. A north-to-south oriented surface trough is along 95W/96W, from 26N southward to Mexico. Precipitation: isolated moderate covers the Gulf of Mexico from 92W westward. Isolated moderate to locally strong is elsewhere, from 92W eastward. Upper level anticyclonic wind flow spans the area. A surface ridge passes through SE Georgia, into the central Gulf of Mexico. Moderate E winds are in the SE Gulf and offshore the Yucatan Peninsula, while weaker winds prevail elsewhere. The sea heights range from 2 feet to 4 feet, with the comparatively highest seas in the eastern part of the Gulf waters. A weak ridge of high pressure north of the Gulf along 33N will move eastward through Tue, supporting tranquil conditions across all but the southeast sections of the basin. A weak cold front will move across the Gulf on Mon and Tue, with little enhancement of the winds and seas, except across the western Bay of Campeche. CARIBBEAN SEA... A tropical wave is along 71W/72W,from 20N southward, moving W 10 to 15 knots. An upper level trough is in the Atlantic Ocean, along 76W/77W, from 31N, across the Bahamas, across the eastern half of Cuba, to the western sections of Jamaica, to the east central coastal sections of Nicaragua. Precipitation: widely scattered to scattered moderate, and isolated to widely scattered strong is between 68W and the line that extends from SE Cuba to the NE coast of Honduras. Other isolated moderate to locally strong is elsewhere, to the west and northwest of the line from Cuba to Honduras. The eastern extension of the eastern Pacific Ocean monsoon trough is along 10N/11N, between 74W in Colombia, beyond Costa Rica, and into the eastern Pacific Ocean. Precipitation: isolated to widely scattered moderate, to locally strong covers the area that is from 15N southward from 74W westward. Fresh to locally strong trade winds cover the eastern and central sections of the Caribbean Sea. Generally moderate trade winds are elsewhere. The sea heights range from 5 feet to 7 feet in the central and eastern sections, and from 3 feet to 5 feet in the western and southwestern sections. High pressure will build north of the area. This will increase the winds and seas across the NE and central Caribbean Sea Mon and Tue. Fresh to strong trade winds then will persist across the south central Caribbean through Thu. Moderate N to NE swell will affect the tropical Atlc waters through Wed. ATLANTIC OCEAN... An upper level trough is along 76W/77W, from 31N, across the Bahamas, across the eastern half of Cuba, to the western sections of Jamaica, to the east central coastal sections of Nicaragua. A surface trough curves along 25N67W 23N71W, to northern Haiti. Precipitation: widely scattered moderate to isolated strong covers the waters that are from 20N to 31N between 63W and 77W. A Caribbean Sea tropical wave is along 71W/72W, from 20N southward. Upper level winds are not expected to be especially conducive, and any development of this system should be slow to occur, while it moves slowly northwestward through late this week. The Cumbre Vieja volcano, that is on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands, has been erupting since 19 September at 1410 UTC. Marine and aviation interests should monitor this on-going situation, by reading the Volcanic Ash Advisory, that is issued by Meteo-France, at http://vaac.meteo.fr/volcanoes/la-palma/. A broad surface ridge near the Azores covers most of the NE Atlantic Ocean. The pressure gradient between the ridge, and lower pressures in South America, results in generally fresh trade winds from 22N southward between 45W and the Lesser Antilles. The fastest wind speeds are in the waters that are near the Windward Islands. A similar pressure gradient occurs in the NE Atlantic Ocean between the ridge and lower pressures of NW Africa. Expect fresh to locally strong NE winds from 20N northward from 28W eastward. The comparatively fastest wind speeds are in the waters that surround the Canary Islands and near the coast of NW Africa. Mainly moderate winds are in the rest of the basin. Expect sea heights that range from 5 feet to 8 feet, elsewhere in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, away from Hurricane Sam and Tropical Depression Victor. Swells generated from Hurricane Sam, centered well NE of the area, will prevail across the area waters through Mon, and then continue across the waters E of 70W through Wed. High pressure along the mid Atlc coast will drift slowly eastward through mid week. This will produce moderate to fresh trade winds south of 23N and east of the Bahamas through Tue before spreading into the southeast Bahamas. Active weather is expected to develop across the waters E of 75W and NE the Bahamas Mon night through Tuesday, as a surface trough develops across the SE Bahamas and shifts slowly NW. $$ mt