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Agatha was a short-lived tropical storm that did not affect land.

a. Synoptic History

A nearly stationary trough of low pressure became established from the eastern Pacific east-northeastward across Central America and portions of the Caribbean Sea during mid May. This pattern resulted in a large area of moist southwest monsoon-type flow over the region. A poorly-defined westward-moving tropical wave became convectively active over the eastern Caribbean Sea on 13 May, and crossed Central America on the 17^th accompanied by cloudiness and thunderstorms. Once the wave reached the eastern Pacific and interacted with the trough, the convection associated with the wave gradually became organized and on 20 May, the system began to show signs of cyclonic rotation. As the wave continued westward, the thunderstorm activity became concentrated to the southwest of a developing low-level circulation center. It is estimated that Tropical Depression One-E formed at 0000 UTC 22 May about 500 n mi south-southeast of Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. The depression moved slowly toward the northwest and under very light shear, the cyclone intensified and became Tropical Storm Agatha by 1200 UTC on that day. It is estimated that the cyclone reached its peak intensity of 50 knots at 0000 UTC 23 May. Thereafter, cooler sea surface temperatures and stable air caused the cyclone to weaken gradually, and it degenerated to a remnant low by 1200 UTC 24 May. The low drifted aimlessly and dissipated by 0000 UTC 26 May. The "best track" chart of the tropical cyclone's path is given in Figure 1, with the wind and pressure histories shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, respectively. The best track positions and intensities are listed in Table 1.

b. Meteorological Statistics

Observations in Agatha (Figure 2 and Figure 3) include satellite-based Dvorak technique intensity estimates from the Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch (TAFB), the Satellite Analysis Branch (SAB) and the U. S. Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA). Microwave satellite imagery from NOAA polar-orbiting satellites, the NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the NASA QuikSCAT, and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites were also useful in tracking Agatha. It is interesting that SSM/I and TRMM images of Agatha from around 1400 UTC 22 May through 0230 UTC 23 May revealed a ring of precipitation that resembled an eyewall as indicated in link figure="4"/>. The presence of the convective ring suggests that Agatha's peak intensity was probably higher than indicated by the Dvorak estimates, although no technique exists to estimate tropical cyclone intensity from such microwaves features. The peak intensity of Agatha is estimated to be 50 kt but this estimate is particularly uncertain.

c. Casualty and Damage Statistics

There were no reports of damage or casualties associated with Agatha.

d. Forecast and Warning Critique

Agatha was a short-lived tropical cyclone and there were only a few forecasts to verify. The average official track errors (with the number of cases in parentheses) for Agatha were 26 (8), 46 (6), 67 (4), and 111 (2), n mi for the 12, 24, 36, and 48 h forecasts, respectively. These errors are lower than the average official track errors for the 10-yr period 1994-2003 of 38, 70, 100, and 127 n mi, respectively).

Average official intensity errors were 8, 13, 11, and 5 kt for the 12, 24, 36, and 48 h forecasts, respectively. These average official intensity errors over the 10-yr period 1994-2003 of 6, 11 , 15, and 17 kt, respectively.

Figure 1: Best track positions for Tropical Storm Agatha, 22-24 May 2004.

Figure 1: Selected wind observations and best track maximum sustained surface wind speed curve for Tropical Storm Agatha, 22-24 May 2004.

Figure 3: Selected pressure observations and best track minimum central pressure curve for Tropical Storm Agatha, 22-24 May 2004.

Figure 4: Microwave data for Agatha at 0235 UTC showing a ring of convection resembling an eyewall.